Executive Summary

1. Introduction

Background

Historical Context

Environmental Issues

Toxic And Hazardous Waste

Greenhouse-gas Emissions

Water Pollution

Air Pollution

Noise Pollution

Visual Impact And Odour Of Waste-management Sites

The Cost Of Waste Disposal

Waste-management Options

Waste Reduction

Reuse

Recycling

Composting

Energy Recovery From Waste

Land Spreading Of Waste

Landfill

Incineration Without Energy Recovery

Growth In Waste Generation

2. Waste-management Technology

Introduction

Recycling

Composting

Energy Recovery From Waste

Energy Generation

Heat Generation

Energy From Landfill Gas

Fuel Production

Incineration

Land Spreading Of Waste

Landfill

Incineration Without Energy Recovery

Open Dumping

3. Waste Statistics

Introduction

The Eu

Table: Total Waste Generated In Eu Countries (000 Tonnes),/1998/1999/2001/2002/2003

Construction-industry Waste

Table: Construction-industry Waste Generated In Eu Countries (000 Tonnes),/2000/2001/2002/2003

Manufacturing Waste

Table: Manufacturing Waste Generated In Eu Countries (000 Tonnes),/1998/1999/2000/2001/2002/2003

Hazardous Waste

Table: Hazardous Waste Generated In Eu Countries (000 Tonnes),/1999/2000/2001/2002/2003

Packaging Waste

Table: Packaging Waste Generated In Selected Eu Countries By Type (000 Tonnes), Latest Available Data

Municipal Waste

Table: Municipal Waste Generated In The Eu (000 Tonnes),-2003

Table: Municipal Waste Generated In Eu Countries (000 Tonnes),-2003

Table: Municipal Waste Generated In The Eu (kg Per Person),-2003

Table: Municipal Waste Generated In Eu Countries (kg Per Person),-2003

Composition Of Municipal Waste

Table: Composition Of Municipal Waste In Selected Eu Countries (%),

Municipal Waste Recovery

Table: Municipal Waste Recovery Operations In Eu Countries (000 Tonnes),/2001/2002/2003

Municipal Waste Disposal

Landfill

Table: Landfill Disposal Of Municipal Waste In The Eu (000 Tonnes And Kg Per Person),-2003

Table: Incineration Of Municipal Waste In The Eu (000 Tonnes And Kg Per Person),-2003

Table: Disposal Of Municipal Waste In Eu Countries (000 Tonnes),/2003

Eastern Europe

Total Waste

Table: Total Waste Generated In Selected Eastern European Countries (000 Tonnes),/2002/2003

Municipal Waste

Table: Municipal Waste Generated In Selected Eastern European Countries (000 Tonnes And Kg Per Person),-2003

Municipal Waste Disposal

Table: Landfill Disposal Of Municipal Waste In Selected Eastern European Countries (000 Tonnes),/2002/2003

North America

Non-municipal Waste

Municipal Waste

Table: Municipal Waste Generated In North America (000 Tonnes),,,, And

Table: Municipal Waste Generated In North America (kg Per Capita),,,, And

Table: Composition Of Municipal Waste In North America (%),/2002

Asia-pacific

High-wealth Countries

Total Waste

Table: Total Waste Generated In Japan, South Korea And New Zealand (000 Tonnes),/2000/2002

Municipal Waste

Table: Municipal Waste Generated In Japan, South Korea And New Zealand (000 Tonnes),/1985/1990/1995/2002

Table: Municipal Waste Generated In Australia, Japan And South Korea (kg Per Capita),/1985/1990/1995/2002

Table: Composition Of Municipal Waste In Japan And South Korea (%),

Table: Disposal Of Municipal Waste In Japan, South Korea, New Zealand And Australia (000 Tonnes),/2000/2002

Other Countries

China

India

South America

Brazil

Uruguay

Argentina

Africa

4. Policy, Legislation And Market Structure

Introduction

International Policy And Legislation

The Eu

Policy And Legislation

Framework Directives

Waste Framework Directive/42/eec (amended/156/eec)

Hazardous Waste Directive/689/eec (amended/31/ec)

Waste-treatment Directives

Integrated Pollution, Prevention And Control Directive/61/ec

Landfill Directive/31/ec

Incineration Of Waste Directive/2000/eu

Specific Waste-stream Directives

Batteries And Accumulators Directive/157/eec

Packaging And Packaging Waste Directive/62/ec

End-of-life Vehicles Directive/53/ec

Waste Electrical And Electronic Equipment Directive/96/ec

Restriction Of The Use Of Certain Hazardous Substances In Electrical And Electronic Equipment Directive/95/ec

Other Directives

Market Structure

Waste Management

Austria

Belgium

The Czech Republic

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Malta

The Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Republic Of Ireland

Slovenia

Slovakia

Spain

Sweden

The Uk

Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

Russia

The Us

Electrical And Electronic Equipment

Market Structure

Asia-pacific

High-wealth Countries

Japan

Waste Disposal And Public Cleansing Law (ministry Of Health And Welfare)

Air Pollution Control Law (environment Agency)

Law For Promoting Utilisation Of Recyclable Resources (ministry Of Trade And Industry)

Container And Packaging Recycling Law (ministry Of Health And Welfare, Ministry Of Trade And Industry)

Law For Remerchandising Of Specified Electric Home Appliances (ministry Of Health And Welfare, Ministry Of Trade And Industry)

End-of-life Vehicle Recycling Law

Biomass Nippon Strategy

Waste Management And Public Cleansing Law

Medium-wealth Countries

Malaysia

South Korea

Thailand

Low-wealth Countries

China

India

Vietnam

Africa

Republic Of South Africa

Rest Of Africa

South America

Brazil

Argentina

5. Market Size

Introduction

Global Demographics

Population

Table: Population In Selected Countries Of The World, July

Gross Domestic Product

Table: Gross Domestic Product In Selected Countries Of The World ($m),

Gross Domestic Product Per Capita

Table: Gross Domestic Product Per Capita In Selected Countries Of The World ($),

Gross Domestic Product Combined With Population

Table: Gross Domestic Product Per Capita In The Most Populated Countries Of The World ($),/july

Table: Leading Countries By Population And Gross Domestic Product Per Capita (number And $), /july

Market Volume

Table: Estimated Municipal Waste Generated Per Capita In Selected Countries Of The World (kg),

High-wealth Countries

Table: Gross Domestic Product Per Capita And Estimated Municipal Waste Generated Per Capita In High-wealth Countries ($ And Kg),/2006

Table: Population Of Selected High-wealth Countries (million), July

Medium-wealth Countries

Table: Gross Domestic Product Per Capita And Estimated Municipal Waste Generated Per Capita In Medium-wealth Countries ($ And Kg),/2006

Table: Population Of Selected Medium-wealth Countries (million), July

Low-wealth Countries

Table: Gross Domestic Product Per Capita And Estimated Municipal Waste Generated Per Annum In Low-wealth Countries ($ And Kg),/2006

Table: The Population Of Selected Low-wealth Countries (million), July

Total Market Size

Table: Estimated World Generation Of Municipal Solid Waste (million Tonnes),

Figure: Estimated World Generation Of Municipal Solid Waste (million Tonnes),

6. Company Profiles

Introduction

Municipal Organisations

Waste-management Activities Of Larger Groups

Specialist Waste-management Companies

Company Profiles

Allied Waste Industries Inc

Asa Abfall Service Ag

Avr

Biffa Plc

Cespa

Constructions Industrielles De La Mİditerranİe

Fomento De Construcciones Y Contratas Sa

Indaver

Lassila & Tikanoja

Ragn-sells Ab

Republic Services Inc

Remondis

Safety-kleen

Saubermacher

Saur Group

Shanks Group Plc

Suez Environment

Sulo Gmbh

Urbaser

Veolia Es Cleanaway Holdings Ltd

Veolia Environmental Services

Waste Management Inc

7. The Future

Introduction

Environmental Damage

Land Pollution

Inland Watercourse Pollution

Air Pollution

Greenhouse-gas Emissions

Health And Safety

Legislation And Government Policies

Future Challenges For The Waste-management Sector

Waste Statistics And Definitions

Illegal International Trade In Waste

`cowboy' Waste-management Operators

Recycling

Municipal Solid Waste

Employment In Waste Management

Energy From Waste

Commercial Issues

Costs Of Waste Management

Business Opportunities

Future Developments By Type Of Country

High-wealth Countries

Medium-wealth Countries

Low-wealth Countries

Waste Arising From Wars And Natural Disasters

Future Emphasis In Waste Management

Table: Waste Hierarchy — Global Current Effort Versus Long-term Benefit,

Forecasts

Table: Population, Gross Domestic Product Per Capita And Gross Domestic Product Growth In The Most Populated Countries Of The World (number, $ And %),/2006

Table: Forecast World Generation Of Municipal Solid Waste (million Tonnes),-2011

Figure: Forecast World Generation Of Municipal Solid Waste (million Tonnes),-2011

8. Consumer Confidence

Methodology

Key Findings This Quarter

The Willingness To Borrow

Confidence Slips Slightly

Table A: The Average Amount Consumers Are Willing To Borrow In Order To Purchase Expensive Items At Current And Constant November Prices (£ And £bn), November-2006

Significantly More Adults Are Willing To Borrow

Table B: The Number Of Adults Willing To Borrow In Order To Purchase Expensive Items (000 And %), November-2006

Spending From Savings

Little Change In Spending From Savings

Table C: The Average Amount Consumers Are Willing To Spend From Savings In Order To Purchase Expensive Items At Current And Constant November Prices (£ And £bn), November-2006

Saving Grows In Relative Importance

Table D: The Average Amounts Adults Are Confident Spending To Purchase Expensive Items (£ And %), November-2006

9. Further Sources

Associations

Publications

Government Sources

Bisnode Sources